In the process of trying to diagnose or screen for the presence of disease or abnormality, to monitor progression of a disease or condition, or to determine the best treatment plan for a disease or condition, diagnostic evaluations or tests are performed to collect such data. This information is collected by diagnostic evaluation equipment or devices. These devices are specifically designed to assess or measure various anatomical or physiological parameters and render precise values that are then compared to norms or standards for diagnostic purposes.
There is a wide range of diagnostic equipment and devices available to assess for a wide range of conditions – from medical to the movement therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, chiropractics, and sports medicine include:
- Anthropometric Tools: Measurement tapes, breadth and skinfold calipers, and soft tape measures in the assessment body parts for their relationship to disease risk
- Body Fat Measurement: Analysis of the total composition of the body that is fat tissue and lean tissue.
- Cognitive Testing: A collection of tests, tools, and evaluation devices designed to assess, measure, and quantify the global cognitive processing capabilities, learning potential, and performance abilities of an individual as well as the detection of anomalies.
- Fingertip Pulse Oximeters: Used to measure the amount of oxygen carried in the blood as a percentage of the maximum amount it can carry
- Electronic BP and Pulse Meters: Digital monitors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse readings
- Medical Thermometers: Used to measure the temperature of a person
- Ophthalmoscopes/Otoscopes: Used to evaluate the fundus of a patient’s eye and the outer ear canal during an exam
- Sensory Evaluation: Used to evaluate neurological sensitivity or impairments
- Sphygmomanometers/Blood Pressure Gauges: Used to assess blood pressure or the outward force being exerted on the walls of arteries
- Spirometer: A measurement of the amount of air you can breathe out in one second and the total volume of air you can exhale in one forced breath
- Stethoscopes: Used to assess heart sounds, lung sounds, and in the assessment of blood pressure along with a Sphygmomanometer
- Weight Scales: Used to measure how much something weighs, or the quantity of mass. Measurements can be given in pounds, kilograms, etc.
Measurements such as strength, flexibility, ROM, volumetric, and time and distance testing equipment can also be used as diagnostic devices or tests, but those are included in the Therapeutic Evaluation/Assessment category.