Iontophoresis is the focused introduction of medicines (medicinal ions) into the skin and mucus membranes of the body via direct (usually low amplitudes) electrical current that are then deposited in subcutaneous spaces that diffuse slowly through the targeted tissue over time. This transcutaneous ion transfer of medicinal ions that are housed in electrodes allows for a more effective control of the dosage compared to prior pad for bath delivery. The electrical current changes the pH of the skin and combined with buffered ions of the electrode system, this slight negative charge allows for a predictable penetration of ions while protecting the skin from chemical burns. The depth of penetration of dexamethasone, a commonly used medication, is approximately 10 mm. A small battery built into the electrodes allows for a wireless application.
Note: Because the medicinal ions are not delivered systemically, the drug is localized, gastrointestinal side effects do not occur, drugs are not degraded in the liver, and a consistent level of the drug can be maintained.
While Iontophoresis has been used to treat a variety of conditions, today the most common use of iontophoresis is to reduce local musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions with hydrocortisone, acetic acid, or dexamethasone sodium phosphate with or without lidocaine hydrochloride.
Indications for use of Iontophoresis include:
- Epicondylitis
- Bursitis
- Tendinitis
- Myofacial syndrome
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Plantar fasciitis
- Shin splints
Contraindications for use of Iontophoresis:
|
Contraindication |
Rationale and Considerations |
|
Malignancies in treatment area |
Increase local blood flow and may contribute to metastases |
|
Over a gravid uterus |
The potential for harmful effects to a gravid uterus have yet to be determined |
|
Anesthetic skin over the area of treatment |
Patient cannot feel the low amplitude electrical current and may not feel excessive current |
|
Metal implant device or brace that is close to the surface |
Electrical current can concentrate at the metal and cause a burn |
|
Implanted stimulators |
Could impact function of implanted device |
|
Patient wearing demand-inhibited cardiac pacemaker |
Could interrupt pacing |
Use of iontophoresis over scars, open wounds, areas of extreme edema, over areas of thick adipose can negatively affect the dosage of delivery of the drug and may have negative effects on the skin. It is a non-invasive alternative to steroid injections which can be painful and potentially introduce infection at the injection site.
ProhealthcareProduct.com offers a number of iontophoresis electrodes and devices or machines manufactured by Iomed, Travanti, Empi, Chattanooga, and Activa Tek.
For assistance determining which iontophoresis electrodes or machines would be most appropriate for your patients or clinical setting please contact customer service.